Light and Matter (B-KUL-G0D05A)

Aims
The course provides a thorough discussion of the use optical spectroscopy to study physical processes in molecules, of the properties of excited states and of excited processes. This will give the students the necessary theoretical background to understand and analyze spectroscopic measurements, which they will encounter during their research assignments.
The students can explain the linear and non-linear interactions occurring between UV-, visible and near-IR electromagnetic radiation and molecules both in a formalism of the transition dipole and the Lorentz model. They understand and can interpret the different optical responses. They can discriminate the different types of excited states and recognize their properties. They can relate excited state properties and decay channels to molecular structure. They can derive the expression governing excited state kinetics and evaluate their validity. They can discriminate the different types of electron and excitation transfer and relate them to spectroscopic properties. They can analyze experimental data of stationary and fast spectroscopy and relate them to excited state properties, excitation and electron transfer and excited state complex formation. They can evaluate most current techniques of stationary and fast spectroscopy. They can recognize exciton formation and predict the spectroscopic properties of molecular aggregates. They can interpret and construct correlation diagrams for simple photochemical reactions.
The students can apply the insight gained in the theoretical part of the course to understand synthetic and/or biological systems where light is converted into chemical or electrical energy or vice versa (OLED's, solar cells, molecular beacons, systems for information recording, xerographic or lithographic applications). For these systems they can relate photophysical and photochemical properties to their supra- and nanomolecular structure. The students can interpret spectroscopic measurements and apply this information to clarify molecular structure and properties.
They can summarize and explain and present a recent research paper on these systems and answer critical questions regarding this paper.
At the generic level the students are able to understand and critically judge the content and quality of scientific literature related to optical spectroscopy, photophysics and photochemistry. The students can find recent research articles on a given topic, study the specific topic in great depth for themselves, indicate the essentials and present these as course material for their fellow students.
Previous knowledge
The students know the principles and concepts of optical spectroscopy at a level corresponding to G0119A Spectroscopic measurement techniques.
Thorough knowledge of the fundamental concepts of chemistry, and physics (electrostatics, physical concepts of electromagnetic radiation) at the bachelor of chemistry level.
Identical courses
This course is identical to the following courses:
G0I12C : Photophysics and Photochemistry of Molecular Materials (No longer offered this academic year)
Is included in these courses of study
Activities
6 ects. Light and Matter (B-KUL-G0D05a)
Content
Chapter I
Electromagnetic radiation
Linear interaction with matter: the Lorentz approach
Maxwell equations
Tensors and symmetry
Chapter II
2nd and 3rd order nonlinear interactions
Green functions
Second harmonic generation spectroscopy
Sum frequency generation spectroscopy
Multiphoton absorption and emission
Chapter III
Optical rotatory dispersion and (vibrational) circular dichroism
Magneto-optic spectroscopy
Chapter IV
Factors determining the transition dipole, spin-orbit coupling and vibronic interactions
Excited states in molecular systems: singlets and triplets, localized and charge transfer states
Chapter V
Energy, bond lengths, acidity and dipole moments of excited states
Formal kinetics of monomolecular decay processes and exciton annihilation.
Fluorescence and phosphorescence.
Delayed fluorescence
Thermal decay processes of excited states , Fermi Golden Rule
Major experimental techniques of stationary and fast spectroscopy for evaluation of kinetics and spectroscopy of excited states
Chapter VI
Formal kinetics of quenching
Quenching by excitation transfer (Förster and Dexter)
Quenching by electron transfer
Quenching by excited state complex formation
Quenching by heavy atoms and paramagnetic effects
Chapter VII
Adiabatic electron transfer
Non-adiabatic electron transfer
Solvent reorganization
Distance dependence of electron transfer (superexchange)
Chapter VIII
Exciton Interaction in Dimers
Exciton Interaction in large 1- and 2-dimensional aggregates
Mixed dimers
Chapter IX
Introduction to concerted reactions, correlation diagramma, conical intersections, pericyclic minima
Woodward-Hoffmann rules
Cis trans isomerization
Fragmentation
Hydrogen abstraction
Cyclo-addition
Course material
Slides (with voice over), copies of parts of books (available on toledo or as hard copy), partially course notes
Format: more information
Presentations will be given by the students towards the end of the semester. The students can select from a topic list provided by the docent.
Evaluation
Evaluation: Light and Matter (B-KUL-G2D05a)
Explanation
At the end of each lecture or section of the course, the students get a number of take home problems. They are expected to deliver their solutions as a final report end of December. For each problem, if solved completely, points will be given, otherwise no points are given for this problem. Then the points are simply added. The number of points per problem can depend upon the complexity of the problem.
Information about retaking exams
Oral examination with written preparation. The exam will be an open book exam where the use of calculator and course material as well as of other books will be allowed. The points for each question will simply be added. The number of points per question can depend upon the complexity of the problem. Part of the exam will be discussion of a paper provided by the docent.