Light and Matter (B-KUL-G0D05A)

6 ECTSEnglish36 First termCannot be taken as part of an examination contract
POC Chemie

The course provides a thorough discussion of the use optical spectroscopy to study physical processes in molecules, of the properties of excited states and of excited processes. This will give the students the necessary theoretical background to understand and analyze spectroscopic measurements, which they will encounter during their research assignments.

The students can explain the linear and non-linear interactions occurring between UV-, visible and near-IR electromagnetic radiation and molecules both in a formalism of the transition dipole and the Lorentz model. They understand and can interpret the different optical responses. They can discriminate the different types of excited states and recognize their properties. They can relate excited state properties and decay channels to molecular structure. They can derive the expression governing excited state kinetics and evaluate their validity. They can discriminate the different types of electron and excitation transfer and relate them to spectroscopic properties. They can analyze experimental data of stationary and fast spectroscopy and relate them to excited state properties, excitation and electron transfer and excited state complex formation. They can evaluate most current techniques of stationary and fast spectroscopy. They can recognize exciton formation and predict the spectroscopic properties of molecular aggregates. They can interpret and construct correlation diagrams for simple photochemical reactions.

The students can apply the insight gained in the theoretical part of the course to understand synthetic and/or biological systems where light is converted into chemical or electrical energy or vice versa (OLED's, solar cells, molecular beacons, systems for information recording, xerographic or lithographic applications). For these systems they can relate photophysical and photochemical properties to their supra- and nanomolecular structure. The students can interpret spectroscopic measurements and apply this information to clarify molecular structure and properties.

They can summarize and explain and present a recent research paper on these systems and answer critical questions regarding this paper.

At the generic level the students are able to understand and critically judge the content and quality of scientific literature related to optical spectroscopy, photophysics and photochemistry. The students can find recent research articles on a given topic, study the specific topic in great depth for themselves, indicate the essentials and present these as course material for their fellow students.

The students know the principles and concepts of optical spectroscopy at a level corresponding to G0119A Spectroscopic measurement techniques.

Thorough knowledge of the fundamental concepts of chemistry, and physics (electrostatics, physical concepts of electromagnetic radiation) at the bachelor of chemistry level. 

This course is identical to the following courses:
G0I12C : Photophysics and Photochemistry of Molecular Materials (No longer offered this academic year)

Activities

6 ects. Light and Matter (B-KUL-G0D05a)

6 ECTSEnglishFormat: Lecture36 First term
POC Chemie

Chapter I

Electromagnetic radiation

Linear interaction with matter: the Lorentz approach

Maxwell equations

Tensors and symmetry

 

Chapter II

2nd and 3rd order nonlinear interactions

Green functions

Second harmonic generation spectroscopy

Sum frequency generation spectroscopy

Multiphoton absorption and emission

 

Chapter III

Optical rotatory dispersion and (vibrational) circular dichroism

Magneto-optic spectroscopy

 

Chapter IV

Factors determining the transition dipole, spin-orbit coupling and vibronic interactions

Excited states in molecular systems: singlets and triplets, localized and charge transfer states

 

Chapter V

Energy, bond lengths, acidity and dipole moments of excited states

Formal kinetics of monomolecular decay processes and exciton annihilation.

Fluorescence and phosphorescence.

Delayed fluorescence

Thermal decay processes of excited states , Fermi Golden Rule

Major experimental techniques of stationary and fast spectroscopy for evaluation of kinetics and spectroscopy of excited states

 

Chapter VI

Formal kinetics of quenching

Quenching by excitation transfer (Förster and Dexter)

Quenching by electron transfer

Quenching by excited state complex formation

Quenching by heavy atoms and paramagnetic effects

 

Chapter VII

Adiabatic electron transfer

Non-adiabatic electron transfer

Solvent reorganization

Distance dependence of electron transfer (superexchange)

 

Chapter VIII

Exciton Interaction in Dimers

Exciton Interaction in large 1- and 2-dimensional aggregates

Mixed dimers

 

Chapter IX

Introduction to concerted reactions, correlation diagramma, conical intersections, pericyclic minima

Woodward-Hoffmann rules

Cis trans isomerization

Fragmentation

Hydrogen abstraction

Cyclo-addition

Slides (with voice over), copies of parts of books (available on toledo  or as hard copy), partially course notes

Presentations will be given by the students towards the end of the semester. The students can select from a topic list provided by the docent.

 

Evaluation

Evaluation: Light and Matter (B-KUL-G2D05a)

Type : Continuous assessment without exam during the examination period
Description of evaluation : Paper/Project, Report, Presentation, Take-Home
Type of questions : Open questions, Closed questions
Learning material : Course material, Calculator, Computer, Reference work


At the end of each lecture or section of the course, the students get a number of take home problems. They are expected to deliver their solutions as a final report end of December. For each problem, if solved completely, points will be given, otherwise no points are given for this problem. Then the points are simply added. The number of points per problem can depend upon the complexity of the problem.

 

Oral examination with written preparation. The exam will be an open book exam where the use of calculator and course material as well as of other books will be allowed. The points for each question will simply be added. The number of points per question can depend upon the complexity of the problem. Part of the exam will be discussion of a paper provided by the docent.