Thermal Processing of Foods (B-KUL-I0Q94A)
Aims
In general, the course aims to reach the following learning outcomes:
The graduate
- Has profound and detailed scientific knowledge and understanding of engineering principles of unit operations and their use in the transformation of raw materials into food products as a basis for qualitative and quantitative design, evaluation and optimization of food process and preservation unit operations.
- Masters the skills and has acquired the problem solving capacity to analyze problems of food quality and safety along the food chain and to elaborate interdisciplinary and integrated qualitative and quantitative approaches and solutions (including implementation) appreciating the complexity of food systems and the processes used while taking into account technical limitations and socio-economic aspects such as feasibility, risks, and sustainability.
- Has acquired a broad perspective to problems of food security, related to postharvest and food processing, in low income developing countries.
More specific, this course is focusing on thermal processing (pasteurisation, sterilisation, evaporative drying) of foods in the context of food preservation. The course treats the basic engineering principles of these preservation processes.
On ending the course:
- The students acquire insight into thermal processing (pasteurization, sterilization, evaporative drying) of foods in the context of food preservation.
- Students have knowledge of the basic engineering principles of these preservation processes.
- Students are able to design, evaluate and optimize such preservation processes.
Previous knowledge
Basic knowledge of food microbiology, calculus, transport phenomena, engineering kinetics and food processing
Is included in these courses of study
Activities
2 ects. Thermal Processing of Foods: Practical Exercises (B-KUL-I0O38a)
Content
Pasteurization and sterilization
- Process calculation methods: general method
- Process calculation methods: formula methods (forward and reverse calculations)
- Process design (including heat penetration experiments and data analysis)
- Process optimization
Evaporative drying
- Analysis of sorption data
- Use of Mollier Diagram
- Calculations on dryers (ideal dryer, dryer with heat losses and dryers with air regeneration)
Course material
Exercises are available from the lecturer and through Toledo
Format: more information
Exercise sessions (numerical exercises using hand calculator and specific software)
6 ects. Thermal Processing of Foods (B-KUL-I0Q94a)
Content
1. The part on pasteurization and sterilization includes:
* Introduction: the unifying theory on food preservation;
* The General Method: the basic concept in process calculations;
* Design, validation and optimization of thermal processes: formula methods and theoretical methods;
* Technical infrastructure for thermal processing;
* Recent development in thermal processing.
2. The part on evaporative drying includes:
* Water binding in biological systems (water sorption phenomena, water activity, water sorption isotherms, isotherm equations, temperature and water binding, hysteresis and sorption);
* Thermodynamics of humid air (hygrometric characteristics of humid air, thermal characteristics of humid air, psychometric charts);
* Evaporative drying (kinetics of drying, calculation of drying times, characterization of the efficiency of the drying process, drying with air recirculation, isothermal drying, industrial drying systems).
3. The part on the stability of biological materials includes
* Problem statement
* State diagrams of biological materials
* Revision of stability maps
* Measurement of glass transition temperatures
* Glass transitions in food systems
* Cryostabilizers and cryoprotectants
* Collaps Phenomena
Course material
Syllabus (= course text), slides, transparencies, course material available through Toledo
Format: more information
Classical lectures with interaction and discussion
Evaluation
Evaluation: Thermal Processing of Foods (B-KUL-I2Q94a)
Explanation
The evaluation of the course ‘Thermal Processing of Foods’ consists of a closed book exam during the exam period which consists of two parts:
(a) theory (written and closed book)
(b) exercises (written, closed book but with the use of a formularium and calculator)
Part (a) encompasses 2/3 and part (b) encompasses 1/3 of the marks.