Postgraduate Studies in Advanced Medical Imaging (Leuven)
CQ Postgraduate Studies in Advanced Medical Imaging (Leuven)
Opleiding
This postgraduate programme is intended to provide an education in medical imaging, focussing on obtaining a thorough overview of existing imaging modalities and approaches towards imaging pathology. The intention is not to provide a detailed study of one particular modality but merely to give an overview of strengths and disadvantages of individual techniques to stimulate the students to have a personal and critical view on the field. They will be encouraged to think interdisciplinary, with a focus on the clinical or research question rather than on a specific imaging modality.
The programme will provide an optimal specialized education in medical imaging and an introduction in imaging research in a clinical environment. It provides an ideal basis for research with the intention to obtain a PhD degree in medical imaging. The programme does NOT intend to educate medical specialists in clinical radiology or any other medical specialty.
What can you find on this webpage?
Our (future) students can find information about the programme, admission requirements, objectives and evaluation.
All other information with regard to the study programme can be found at https://med.kuleuven.be/eng/advanced-medical-imaging.
Toelatingsvoorwaarden
Postgraduate Studies in Advanced Medical Imaging (Leuven)onderwijsaanbod.kuleuven.be/2024/opleidingen/e/SC_51017081.htm#activetab=voorwaardenDoelstellingen
This programme is intended to provide an education in medical imaging, focussed on obtaining a thorough overview of the different imaging modalities and the use of multimodal imaging in a clinical/biomedical setting. The student will learn to think interdisciplinary, with a focus on the clinical or research question rather than on a specific imaging modality.During the study, the student will develop a critical scientific attitude, will learn to study scientific literature and will work in a multidisciplinary team of researchers.
The final aim of the programme is to provide a solid basis for performing research using medical imaging.
At the end of the programme, the student will:
- understand the basics of medical imaging. This includes the principles of the most common imaging modalities, ranging from physical principles underlying the technique, to image reconstruction and formation to how the resulting image characteristics as they are linked to the biological systems under investigation.
- understand the use of medical imaging in a clinical/biomedical environment and understand the different properties of the images and their complementarities for clinical/biomedical use.
- be able to approach and perform research in a selected field of medical imaging. This includes acquiring, handling and analysing medical images, learning how to interpret the results and to report them in a scientific paper.
Educational quality of the study programme
Here you can find an overview of the results of the COBRA internal quality assurance method.Educational quality at study programme level
BlueprintEducational quality at university level
- Consult the documents on educational quality available at university level.
More information?
- More information on the educational quality at KU Leuven
- More information on the available documents
SC Postgraduate Studies in Advanced Medical Imaging (Leuven)
programma
57 credits mandatory from Truncus Communis (17 ECTS), Thesis (30 ECTS) and Electives (10 ECTS)
Truncus Communis
All subgroups are mandatory.Compulsory Courses
All courses are mandatory.Advanced Medical Imaging (5 sp.) E05N0A P.Dupont (coördinator) Advanced Medical Imaging (5 sp.) 30u. E05N0a Bijnens, Christiaens, Dupont, Mantini Radiation Protection (4 sp.) G0C97B N.Bergans (coördinator) Radiation Protection: General Aspects (2 sp.) 13u. G0S44a Bergans, N., Vanhavere (plaatsvervanger) Radiation Protection: Organization, Legislation and Risk Communication (2 sp.) 5u. G0S45a Bergans Statistics
Student choose one of the following coursesApplied Biostatistics (5 sp.) E04N0A Applied Biostatistics (4 sp.) 20u. E04N0a Vercauteren Applied Biostatistics: Exercise Sessions (1 sp.) 15u. E04N1a Vercauteren Univariate Data and Modelling (5 sp.) I0U35A Univariate Data and Modelling (3 sp.) 26u. I0S08a Carbonez Exercises in Univariate Data and Modelling (2 sp.) 24u. I0S11a Carbonez
Seminars
This course is mandatory.Seminars in Medical Imaging (3 sp.) E06Q0A Seminars in Medical Imaging (3 sp.) 6u. E06Q0a Dupont
Electives
Students choose minimum 10 credits from the following courses including any other courses from the KU Leuven curriculum. The choice has to be approved by the programme director.Biomedical Data Processing (6 sp.) H03I2A M.De Vos (coördinator) Biomedical Data Processing: Lecture (3 sp.) 30u. H03I2a Bertrand, De Vos Biomedical Data Processing: Exercises (3 sp.) 30u. H03I3a Bertrand, De Vos Hot Topics in Medical Imaging I (5 sp.) E05N1A U.Himmelreich (coördinator) Hot Topics in Medical Imaging I (5 sp.) 30u. E05N1a D'hooge, Dupont, Himmelreich Hot Topics in Medical Imaging II (5 sp.) E05N2A R.Jacobs (coördinator) Hot Topics in Medical Imaging II (5 sp.) 30u. E05N2a Ector, Jacobs, Nelissen Human System Physiology (5 sp.) H03I4B G.Bultynck (coördinator) Physiology of the Heart (0.15 sp.) 2u. H00T8a Vennekens Human System Physiology (4.85 sp.) 28u. H03I4a Bultynck Human Brain Imaging: Methods for Research (5 sp.) P0T59A H.Op de Beeck (coördinator) Human Brain Imaging: Practical Excercises (1 sp.) 13u. P0T60a Op de Beeck, Nakatani (plaatsvervanger) Human Brain Imaging: Principles and Methodology (3 sp.) 26u. P0W53a Op de Beeck, Nakatani (plaatsvervanger) Human Brain Imaging: Critical Analysis of Literature (1 sp.) 0u. P0W95a Op de Beeck Hot Topics in Head and Neck Imaging (3 sp.) E00J2A Hot Topics in Head and Neck Imaging (3 sp.) 13u. E00J2a Jacobs
ECTS Hot Topics in Head and Neck Imaging (B-KUL-E00J2A)
Aims
At the end of this theoretical & practical course the student should:
- be able to select the appropriate imaging technique for solving a specific research problem;
- be able to understand the technological background and basic principles behind each of the focussed imaging techniques;
- be able to critically review the literature and experimental set-ups dealing with these techniques;
- be able to apply these techniques.
*
At the end of this theoretical & practical course the student should:
- be able to select the appropriate imaging technique for solving a specific research problem;
- be able to understand the technological background and basic principles behind each of the focussed imaging techniques;
- be able to critically review the literature and experimental set-ups dealing with these techniques;
- be able to apply these techniques.
Previous knowledge
The candidate should have a basic knowledge on: physics/biophysics; human anatomy (specific head and neck); human histology (specific head and neck); microbiology & virology; material sciences, biochemistry, physiology.
Is included in these courses of study
Onderwijsleeractiviteiten
Hot Topics in Head and Neck Imaging (B-KUL-E00J2a)
Content
This course will at least contain the following topics: underlying technology and basic indications as well as application of:
- oral imaging (intra -, extra oral);
- computer tomography (micro CT, peripheral quantitative CT, ...);
- microscopy (light, laser, confocal, SEM, environmental, ...).
- magnetic resonance imaging, (high resolution, functional, ...);
- stereomicroscopy, stereo-imaging, 3D imaging.
Course material
The documentation will include a course text (or handouts), scientific papers and / or an English reference book. Additional information like interesting papers will be made available for the participants.
Format: more information
Learning activities include:
- active participation in problem solving topics;
- group work on the applicability of a specific imaging technique to solve a specific research question.
Evaluatieactiviteiten
Evaluation: Hot Topics in Head and Neck Imaging (B-KUL-E20J2a)
Explanation
Evaluation consists of an open book exam where techniques and images are presented and students need to solve some adjoining questions on the content of the images or the specific technique to be selected for a specific methodology.
ECTS Applied Biostatistics (B-KUL-E04N0A)
Aims
The course focuses on the use and interpretation of the methods rather than on the underlying mathematical theory. Some pc sessions will be organised in which one can practise the studied methods in the statistical package R.
At the end of the course students should be able to
- link biomedical research questions to appropriate statistical data analysis tools
- understand strengths and limitations of the methods
- correctly interpret and report data analysis results both in statistical terms as well as with respect to the underlying research question.
- read and understand statistical methods/output used in relevant biomedical literature
- perform the studied methods in the statistical package R and interpret the outputs
Previous knowledge
Basic statistical methods and good notions of algebra.
This course builts further on the contents covered in the course "Beginselen van biostatistiek (B-KUL-E06C9B)": descriptive statistics, probability, discrete and continuous probability distributions, estimation, hypothesis testing (one-sample inference, two-sample inference, categorical data), non-parametric methods and ANOVA.
Order of Enrolment
FLEXIBLE(E08C5D) OR FLEXIBLE(U04D3A)
E08C5DE08C5D : Bachelorproef
U04D3AU04D3A : Bachelorproef
Is included in these courses of study
Onderwijsleeractiviteiten
Applied Biostatistics (B-KUL-E04N0a)
Content
- Pearson and Spearman correlation
- Simple and multiple lineair regression
- Simple and multiple logistic regression
- Inferences for incidence-rate data
- Introduction on survival analysis: censoring, Kaplan Meier, logrank, proportional-hazards model
The course focuses on the use and interpretation of the methods rather than on the underlying mathematical theory.
Course material
Slides available on Toledo or through the student organisation.
Use of the book "Fundamentals of Biostatistics" of Bernard Rosner is a must.
Applied Biostatistics: Exercise Sessions (B-KUL-E04N1a)
Content
A number of sessions are organized online or in PC rooms to make it possible to ask questions about the application of the learned methods in RStudio. The data for these sessions will be announced in class and via Toledo at the beginning of the academic year.
Course material
Knowledge clips and training material for practicing the statistical techniques in RStudio.
Format: more information
Sessions organized on a PC in order to ask questions about working with RStudio.
Evaluatieactiviteiten
Evaluation: Applied Biostatistics (B-KUL-E24N0a)
Explanation
The course “Applied Biostatistics (B-KUL-E04N0A)” consists of 2 parts: “Applied Biostatistics [E04N0a]” and “Applied Biostatistics: Exercise Sessions [E04N1a]”.
Examination:
- 20% of the total points comes from the course "Applied Biostatistics: Exercise Sessions [E04N1a]". It consists of a PC exam outside of the regular examination period where students have to individually complete certain analyses in R studio.
- 80% of the total points comes from the course "Applied Biostatistics [E04N0a]". It consists of a written closed-book exam where a table with formulas and a calculator can be used.
Both courses should be completed before the total points can be calculated. A correction for guessing will be used with the multiple choice questions.
Information about retaking exams
This course unit allows partial mark transfers in case of partial pass mark:
· E04N0a - Applied Biostatistics (during academic year)
· E04N1a - Applied Biostatistics: Exercise Sessions (during academic year)
ECTS Advanced Medical Imaging (B-KUL-E05N0A)
Aims
Please do not select a Research Track via your ISP, but use the application of the Faculty to apply for these elective courses. Students are asked to rank their choice of elective course and students are distributed amongst the available places in each Research Track by an allocation tool. Each research track has a limited number of students that can enroll for a course in order to facilitate interactive teaching. More information about this procedure will follow in the first week of the academic year.
Students from another Faculty or programme who wish to participate in a Research Track will need to submit an application via the following form. Only if the maximal number of students per Research Track is not yet reached, students from other programmes can be admitted. More information regarding this procedure and the conditions for applying for these courses can be consulted via the website/form.
If there aren't enough applications for a Research Track, students will be contacted and asked to choose another Research Track.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The aim of this course is to familiarise the student with different modalities, acquisition issues and analysis techniques. For a specific biomedical problem, the student should be able to advise the most suitable modality and to contribute to acquisition issues. Furthermore, the student should be able to identify the different steps in the analysis of the data.
Previous knowledge
The student has basic knowledge (physical principles and basic applications) about the different imaging modalities.
Order of Enrolment
FLEXIBLE(E08C5D) OR FLEXIBLE(U04D3A)
E08C5DE08C5D : Bachelorproef
U04D3AU04D3A : Bachelorproef
Is included in these courses of study
- Postgraduate Studies in Advanced Medical Imaging (Leuven) 57 ects.
- Master of Biomedical Sciences (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master in de biomedische wetenschappen (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master in de biomedische wetenschappen (Leuven) (Afstudeerrichting Biomedisch basis- en translationeel onderzoek) 120 ects.
Onderwijsleeractiviteiten
Advanced Medical Imaging (B-KUL-E05N0a)
Content
The content of this academic year will be:
- Introduction and overview
- Applications in neuro imaging
- Functional MRI
- Diffusion MRI
- Basics of image analysis
- Image segmentation
- Image registration
- Quantification in PET and SPECT
- Small animal imaging
Course material
Recent review articles and presentation slides.
Format: more information
Starting from a biomedical problem, the choice of the modality, acquisition issues and image analysis techniques will be discussed. We expect an active participation of the students during the lectures.
Evaluatieactiviteiten
Evaluation: Advanced Medical Imaging (B-KUL-E25N0a)
Explanation
Starting from a biomedical problem, the student has to provide argumentation for the choice of techniques, acquisition issues and data processing. This is an open book exam.
ECTS Hot Topics in Medical Imaging I (B-KUL-E05N1A)
Aims
Please do not select a Research Track via your ISP, but use the application of the Faculty to apply for these elective courses. Students are asked to rank their choice of elective course and students are distributed amongst the available places in each Research Track by an allocation tool. Each research track has a limited number of students that can enroll for a course in order to facilitate interactive teaching. More information about this procedure will follow in the first week of the academic year.
Students from another Faculty or programme who wish to participate in a Research Track will need to submit an application via the following form. Only if the maximal number of students per Research Track is not yet reached, students from other programmes can be admitted. More information regarding this procedure and the conditions for applying for these courses can be consulted via the website/form.
If there aren't enough applications for a Research Track, students will be contacted and asked to choose another Research Track.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The aim of this course is to give the student an in-depth overview of all the different imaging modalities with their advantages and disadvantages. At the end of the course, the student should be able to give well-founded advice on which medical image modality can best be used to study a biomedical problem. In this first part, the student will learn what the latest developments in acquisition possibilities are and how techniques of medical imaging can be analysed.
Previous knowledge
The student should have followed the course "Advanced Medical Imaging"
Order of Enrolment
SIMULTANEOUS(E05N0A) AND (FLEXIBLE(E08C5D) OR FLEXIBLE(U04D3A))
E08C5DE08C5D : Bachelorproef
U04D3AU04D3A : Bachelorproef
E05N0AE05N0A : Advanced Medical Imaging
Is included in these courses of study
- Postgraduate Studies in Advanced Medical Imaging (Leuven) 57 ects.
- Master of Biomedical Sciences (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master in de biomedische wetenschappen (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master in de biomedische wetenschappen (Leuven) (Afstudeerrichting Biomedisch basis- en translationeel onderzoek) 120 ects.
Onderwijsleeractiviteiten
Hot Topics in Medical Imaging I (B-KUL-E05N1a)
Content
In this course, hot topics on acquisition and analysis of medical imaging will be discussed. These topics include:
- Kinetic modeling using PET
- Statistical parametric mapping using fMRI/PET
- Interventional imaging
- Morphometry and white matter tracts
- Cone beam CT in head and neck imaging
- Small animal imaging
Course material
Recent articles about acquisition and analysis in medical imaging
Format: more information
Using the most recent literature, the student will learn about the possibilities of the most recent acquisition and analysing techniques. We expect an active participation of each student.
Evaluatieactiviteiten
Evaluation: Hot Topics in Medical Imaging I (B-KUL-E25N1a)
Explanation
Evaluation
Validation of presentation, participation in discussion, answering questions on the presented research paper
Attendance at the lectures
Participation in discussions is validated. Unjustified absence will result in zero points for the discussion part. When absent, students should provide the necessary justification (i.e. doctor’s certificate).
ECTS Hot Topics in Medical Imaging II (B-KUL-E05N2A)
Aims
Please do not select a Research Track via your ISP, but use the application of the Faculty to apply for these elective courses. Students are asked to rank their choice of elective course and students are distributed amongst the available places in each Research Track by an allocation tool. Each research track has a limited number of students that can enroll for a course in order to facilitate interactive teaching. More information about this procedure will follow in the first week of the academic year.
Students from another Faculty or programme who wish to participate in a Research Track will need to submit an application via the following form. Only if the maximal number of students per Research Track is not yet reached, students from other programmes can be admitted. More information regarding this procedure and the conditions for applying for these courses can be consulted via the website/form.
If there aren't enough applications for a Research Track, students will be contacted and asked to choose another Research Track.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The aim of the present "Hot Topics" course is to help the students explore the various imaging modalities with advantages and drawbacks. The latter may help to advise the proper imaging technique for a particular biomedical problem. At the end of the course, students are familiar with new scientific evidence on various possibilities of biomedical imaging.
Order of Enrolment
SIMULTANEOUS(E05N0A) AND (FLEXIBLE(E08C5D) OR FLEXIBLE(U04D3A))
E08C5DE08C5D : Bachelorproef
U04D3AU04D3A : Bachelorproef
E05N0AE05N0A : Advanced Medical Imaging
Is included in these courses of study
- Postgraduate Studies in Advanced Medical Imaging (Leuven) 57 ects.
- Master of Biomedical Sciences (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master in de biomedische wetenschappen (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master in de biomedische wetenschappen (Leuven) (Afstudeerrichting Biomedisch basis- en translationeel onderzoek) 120 ects.
Onderwijsleeractiviteiten
Hot Topics in Medical Imaging II (B-KUL-E05N2a)
Content
In this course, hot topics on medical imaging in biomedical applications will be discussed. Imaging in different fields will be discussed: Neurology, Cardiology, Oncology, Maxillofacial Radiology, Forensics.
Course material
Recent articles on new and hot topics concerning imaging modalities will be discussed.
Format: more information
Studying and discussing recent literature on advancements in biomedical imaging will help the student with choosing the proper technique to solve a specific biomedical problem. Active participation of the student during this course is required.
Evaluatieactiviteiten
Evaluation: Hot Topics in Medical Imaging II (B-KUL-E25N2a)
Explanation
The evaluation consists of an assessment of the active participation during all the scheduled seminars. The teacher will announce on Toledo whether articles, specific material or presentations will have to be prepared beforehand. Study material will be provided in order to prepare for active lecture participation. These preparations may also be graded based on the indications on Toledo. On particular occasions active participation may imply participation in the discussion, presentation of a specific predefined task or MCQ (without correction for guessing). The final scoring is the mathematical mean of all individual scores for the lecturers, for which the evaluation will be based on active participation and/or the tasks/presentations performed.
Participation in discussions is validated. Unjustified absence will result in zero points for the discussion part. When absent, students should provide the necessary justification (i.e. doctor’s certificate).
ECTS Seminars in Medical Imaging (B-KUL-E06Q0A)
Aims
To bring the student into contact with the current state-of-the-art research in medical imaging.
To develop a critical scientific attitude with the current state-of-the-art research in medical imaging.
To learn about the use of medical imaging in a clinical/biomedical environment
Previous knowledge
Basic knowledge in medical imaging, i.e. understanding the physical principles and basic applications of CT, MRI, US, PET and SPECT.
Is included in these courses of study
Onderwijsleeractiviteiten
Seminars in Medical Imaging (B-KUL-E06Q0a)
Content
Seminars in medical imaging will include either seminars organized by the Medical Imaging Center or seminars related to medical imaging but organized within the group biomedical sciences. Seminars are given by international renowned speakers, staff members, postdocs or PhD students.
From the assortment of available seminars organised within the group Biomedical Sciences, relevant seminars will be chosen and announced via TOLEDO.
The students have to follow 8 seminars, from which at least two should be given by international renowned speakers.
Examples of these latter seminars are:
- Experiments on a new inter-subject registration method. (Prof. J. Ashburner)
- Whole body optical imaging and its applications in cancer. (Prof. C. Löwik)
- Cortical basis of face processing as revealed by fMRI adaptation: methodology and neural models. (Prof. R. Henson)
The student can choose the seminars depending on his/her own interests but this choice will have to be approved by the promoter of the thesis.
*
The seminars are given by national and international speakers and will relate to state-of-the-art scientific research (clinical/biomedical/technical) using medical imaging.
Course material
Presentation slides, in some cases also articles and literature.
Format: more information
The student has to attend the seminars and will be encouraged to participate in the discussion at the end of each seminar.By writing a short personal report after each seminar the student will learn to extract the most important elements of each seminar and will have the opportunity to give a critical view on the scientific results presented during the seminars.
Evaluatieactiviteiten
Evaluation: Seminars in Medical Imaging (B-KUL-E26Q0a)
Explanation
Students are expected to attend at least 8 seminars (they have to sign a sheet as proof of presence) and to write a short personal report about each seminar.
ECTS Thesis (B-KUL-E06Q1A)
Aims
To perform research in medical imaging, more specifically:
- To develop a critical scientific attitude.
- To learn to plan and to manage the research activities.
- To analyze imaging data and to interpret the results.
- To write a high-quality scientific manuscript according to the guidelines of a high-impact journal in the same field as the thesis.
To present the results of a scientific work to experts in the field.
Previous knowledge
Basic knowledge of medical imaging is a prerequisite (understanding the physical principles and basic applications of CT, MRI, US, PET and SPECT).
The thesis starts in the beginning of the academic year and the courses will be followed in parallel.
Is included in these courses of study
Onderwijsleeractiviteiten
Thesis (B-KUL-E06Q1a)
Content
The thesis work will consist of three major parts:
1. Performing research in medical imaging
2. Writing a scientific manuscript
3. Presenting the results to experts in the field
The research work starts with a literature study. In parallel the student will learn the techniques necessary to perform his/her research activities. The student will have a promoter for his/her thesis (a ZAP member) and a daily supervisor (which can be the promoter, a postdoc or a PhD student). The research activities form the core part of the thesis. By regular discussions with the daily supervisor and the promoter, the student will learn to critically analyze the data and to interpret the results. Interaction with coworkers in the lab and participating in lab meetings are encouraged in order to develop a broader, multidisciplinary view on the scientific problem under study. Furthermore, the student will have to make his/her own planning for the thesis work and will learn how to manage the research activities. Unexpected problems are considered as key points for teaching students how to develop a strategy to solve them.After completing (most of) the practical work, the student will write a manuscript about the scientific work and during this process the student will also have regular meetings and feedback from the promoter. Finally, the student has to make a presentation about his/her work and present it in front of an audience (thesis jury and any other interested scientists), as if it were a presentation during a scientific conference . This presentation will be followed by a discussion between the student and the experts which form the thesis jury.
Course material
Articles and literature
Manual
Examples and samples
Format: more information
Regular meetings with the daily supervisor and the promoter during which progress, scientific results, problems, … will be discussed. Depending on the lab, there can be regular lab meetings as well, during which the student can both present his/her own work and learn more about related work by other co-workers. These meetings may help shape the development of a critical scientific attitude as well as interdisciplinary cooperation. The student will be a member of a participating lab and all necessary facilities will be provided to perform the research. This will be the responsibility of the promoter.
Evaluatieactiviteiten
Evaluation: Thesis (B-KUL-E26Q1a)
Explanation
Evaluation of the thesis will be based on:
- Scientific work during the academic year
- Paper
- Presentation of the scientific results
- Examination by experts in the field
Each thesis will be evaluated (independently) by the promoter, the daily supervisor (if different from the promoter) and two experts in the field (at least one not belonging to the same lab as the promoter).
Important remark: This course cannot be selected for your tolerance credits.
ECTS Radiation Protection (B-KUL-G0C97B)
Aims
The objective of the first part (a) is to familiarize students with the concepts of radioprotection. The second part should provide insight in the risk communication regarding radioactivity and in the organization and legislation concerning radioprotection in Belgium, in the European Community and the international institutions.
Previous knowledge
Basic physics: structure of matter.
Identical courses
G0S41A: Stralingsbescherming
Is included in these courses of study
- Postgraduate Studies in Advanced Medical Imaging (Leuven) 57 ects.
- Master of Physics (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master of Physics (Leuven) (Option: Physics for Society) 120 ects.
- Master of Medical Physics (Leuven et al) 120 ects.
Onderwijsleeractiviteiten
Radiation Protection: General Aspects (B-KUL-G0S44a)
Content
Chapter 1: Physical base:
• 1.1 Origin of the radioactivity
• 1.2 The radioactive source
• 1.3 The radioactive radiation
• 14. Other types of nuclear radiation
• 1.5. Radiation interaction
Chapter II: Biological base:
• 2.1 Deterministic effects
• 2.2 Stochastic effects
Chapter III: Dosimetric quantities:
• 3.1 The (absorbed) Dose
• 3.2 The equivalent dose
Chapter IV: The icrp, the euratom, the belgian legislation:
• 4.1 Recommendations of the ICRP
• 4.2 The EURATOM guidelines
• 4.3 The Belgian legislation
Chapter V: Radioprotection with external radiation:
• 5.1 General principles of dose reduction
• 5.2 Radioprotection of external radiation with photons
• 5.3 Radioprotection of external radiation with b-particles
• 5.4 Radioprotection of external radiation with a-particles
Chapter VI: Radioprotection of internal infections:
• 6.1 General principles of dose reduction
• 6.2 Classes of laboratories
• 6.3 Precautions
• 6.4 Policy with contamination within a laboratory
• 6.5 Monitoring of contamination and personne
• 6.6 The followdose HT,50
• 6.7 Determination of the recorded activity
Course material
Syllabus
Slides, transparencies, courseware
Toledo / e-platform
Articles and literature
The students also get a task on which they have to report.
Is also included in other courses
Radiation Protection: Organization, Legislation and Risk Communication (B-KUL-G0S45a)
Content
• Chapter I: International Institutions
UNSCEAR
ICRP
Other international institutions: ICRU, IAEA, IRPA, BVS
• Appendix:
Survey of nuclear nuclear tests
The ICRP lung model and its applications to decay products of radon
New ICRP model Digestive system
• Chapter II: European Union
Guidelines basic standards
Medical guidelines
• Chapter III: Organisation and regulation in Belgium
Administrative organization of radiation protection:
- Survey of the involved institutions: FANC-Recognized institutions
- Practical organization of radiation protection: Physical and medical control
- Regulation: ARBIS
Exposure to ionizing radiation in Belgium
Other national institutions:
- NIRAS
- Fund for occupational desease
NNuclear emergency/disaster plan
• Appendix:
NORM in the Belgian phosphate industry
The Chernobyl accident
Course material
Syllabus
Slides, transparencies, courseware
Toledo / e-platform
Articles and literature
Evaluatieactiviteiten
Evaluation: Radiation Protection (B-KUL-G2C97b)
Explanation
1st semester: exam of Part A
2nd semester: exam of Part B
ECTS Biomedical Data Processing (B-KUL-H03I2A)
Aims
· Being able to understand the basic techniques in biomedical signal processing, analysis and pattern recognition. These include understanding of physiological signals and their processing challenges; preprocessing (filtering and artefact removal), event detection and (linear) feature definition, signal transforms (Fourier, wavelets, etc.), waveform analysis, parametric and nonparametric signal representation, blind source separation; classification and decision support
· being able to apply these methods to solving real-life biomedical data processing problems using Matlab code implementations;
· being able to interpret, analyse, and critically compare the potential and limitations of various approaches for the biomedical problem at hand;
· at the end, being able to design a solution for a biomedical data processing problem, starting from the raw data after acquisition until the diagnostic level, and work out the required data processing steps in Matlab code.
Previous knowledge
Preliminary terms
A good background in signals and systems and digital (discrete-time) signal processing is required. Students should already be familiar with different model representations and transformations of signals and systems, such as difference equations, pole-zero diagrams, z-transform, Laplace and Fourier transforms, discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). We expect basic knowledge of how to program in Matlab (a written tutorial on Matlab will be made available, but the exercise sessions will assume knowledge of Matlab from the start).
Preliminary conditions
The student must have obtained credits for BOTH of the following courses (or equivalent courses):
1) A course on Systems Theory or Signals & Systems (for example B-KUL-H08U4A or B-KUL-H01M8A)
2) A basic course on digital signal processing (for example B-KUL-H01L6A or B-KUL-T34DPE).
Identical courses
H06Z6A: Dataverwerking voor de gezonde mens
I0T95A: Human Health Data Processing
Is included in these courses of study
- Master in de bio-ingenieurswetenschappen: biosysteemtechniek (Leuven) (Major Human Health Engineering) 120 ects.
- Master in de ingenieurswetenschappen: wiskundige ingenieurstechnieken (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master in de ingenieurswetenschappen: biomedische technologie (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master of Bioinformatics (Leuven) (Bioscience Engineering) 120 ects.
- Master of Bioinformatics (Leuven) (Engineering) 120 ects.
- Master of Statistics and Data Science (on campus) (Leuven) (Statistics and Data Science for Biometrics) 120 ects.
- Postgraduate Studies in Advanced Medical Imaging (Leuven) 57 ects.
- Postgraduate Programme in Biomedical Engineering (Leuven) 40 ects.
- Courses for Exchange Students Faculty of Bioscience Engineering (Leuven)
- Master of Biomedical Engineering (Programme for students started before 2021-2022) (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Courses for Exchange Students Faculty of Engineering Science (Leuven)
- Master of Mathematical Engineering (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master of Bioscience Engineering: Human Health Engineering (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master of Biomedical Engineering (Programme for students started in 2021-2022 or later) (Leuven) 120 ects.
Onderwijsleeractiviteiten
Biomedical Data Processing: Lecture (B-KUL-H03I2a)
Content
The course consists of various parts; each of which deals with a certain type of problem in biomedical signal processing, analysis or modelling, including the principles of pattern recognition. At the start, various biomedical signals are introduced, and processing challenges are illustrated for which later algorithms can be designed. Next, a variety of signal processing, modelling or analysing techniques will be discussed: starting from relatively simple methods, followed by more advanced approaches specific to the issue at hand.
Covered topics:
- an illustrated introduction to common biomedical signals (EEG, ECG, EMG, PPG, speech, …) and relevant applications.
- filtering for deleting artefacts, an important pre-processing step
- techniques that are useful for event detection in biomedical signals, waveform analysis and waveform complexity analysis
- frequency domain techniques for the characterisation of biomedical signals and systems.
- modelling of biomedical signals and systems, enabling a parametrical representation and analysis.
- analysis of non-stationary signals.
- biomedical pattern recognition and diagnostic decisions. An introductory overview will be given on linear and non-linear pattern recognition techniques.
- signal processing on multiple channels: Principal Component Analysis for dimensionality reduction and Independent Component Analysis to split the multichannel signal into separate source signals (such as muscle artefacts, ECG, breathing…)
- wavelet analysis (transformations, decomposition) to decompose the signal into frequency components with different time-frequency resolutions.
Course material
Study cost: 76-100 euros (The information about the study costs as stated here gives an indication and only represents the costs for purchasing new materials. There might be some electronic or second-hand copies available as well. You can use LIMO to check whether the textbook is available in the library. Any potential printing costs and optional course material are not included in this price.)
Course material consists of an introductory handbook (which covers most topics and can be purchased in ACCO), powerpoint slides of each lecture (available on Toledo), and online material on Toledo for self-study and further illustrations.
Book: Rangaraj M. Rangayyan, BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL ANALYSIS: A Case-Study Approach'', John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 2002.
Format: more information
Lecture.
Biomedical Data Processing: Exercises (B-KUL-H03I3a)
Content
This teaching activity consists of 6(+1) exercise sessions. In the first session the student learns how to acquire electrophysiological signals such as ECG and EMG. The other 5 sessions consist of solving problems on the computer and implementing the methods taught during the lectures. Attendance of these sessions is obligatory. The first 4 computer sessions are educational: the marks do not count for the end evaluation. The assignments also prepare for the ‘interpretation questions’ on the exam. The last session is part of the evaluation and introduces a project for which the code has to be uploaded to Toledo. A final session will be scheduled during which each team’s solution is evaluated ‘on screen’. During this on-screen evaluation, the team will be challenged with questions from the didactical team (see ‘evaluation’).
Evaluatieactiviteiten
Evaluation: Biomedical Data Processing (B-KUL-H23I2a)
Explanation
The evaluation consists of a computer project in Matlab and a final exam:
1) Computer project:
The computer project can be made in groups of two students. An extra computer exercise session is part of the course evaluation and is evaluated on computer screen in a separate session during the year. For that exercise, the team uploads their carefully documented code via Toledo before the agreed deadline (will be communicated on Toledo). The code should generate figure results for the last computer exercise, with which the students prove to be able to understand, implement, and apply the taught methods correctly, and to interpret the results. Software plagiarism is forbidden: if detected, the student is referred to the faculty examination commission and punished. See the course instructions on Toledo to understand what is treated as software plagiarism (this also includes copying, manipulating, or modifying code from fellow students or from online sources without mentioning the source). Hiding software plagiarism by manipulating/reworking existing code is treated as fraud.
2) Final evaluation during the examination session:
The exam is based on answers on theoretical questions + some interpretation questions testing biomedical signal processing insights on specific problems. This is a written examination.
The computer exercises are obligatory and evaluation of the graded computer session counts for 35%, theory and interpretation questions for 65% of the final score. The code must have been submitted before the deadline, otherwise no marks are given for that part of the evaluation.
Information about retaking exams
When retaking the exam of this course, the following instructions apply:
A written report for the computer exercises is additionally requested, demonstrating understanding of the obtained figures / results. The (updated) code and a detailed report needs to be submitted before the deadline on Toledo. This report will be evaluated for 35% of the mark.
The rest of the evaluation is equivalent to the initial exam.
ECTS Human System Physiology (B-KUL-H03I4B)
Aims
The student must be able to calculate the equilibrium potential of ions and the membrane potential and to understand how the membrane potential is influenced by the activity of ion channels.
The student must know the main transport systems operative in cells, including diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, carriers and pumps.
The student must be able to explain the electrochemical and/or mechanical properties of neuronal and (skeletal, heart and smooth) muscle cells, underlying the function of physiological systems.
The student must be able to provide an integrated overview of the major control systems in the human body, including the nervous systems and endocrine systems.
The student must be able to explain the properties and regulation of the major physiological systems in the human body, ranging from the molecular level to the system level.
The student should be able to specify the major physiological signaling molecules and their physiological roles and effects in the human body.
The student must be able to explain how dysfunction of physiological systems at the molecular/cellular level can lead to disease conditions in the human body.
In the context of the heart, the student should understand the principles of the electrocardiogram and its value for the monitoring of cardiac function. The student should be able to present (technical) solutions for major cardiac problems by exploiting his/her insights in the electrical control of cardiac contractions.
Previous knowledge
Students should have a thorough understanding in basic sciences, including biology, chemistry and physics and in cell biology. In particular, before attending this course, the student should have a thorough knowledge of the structure and function of DNA, mRNA and proteins and thus transcription, translation and post-translational modifications (e.g. phosphorylation, glycosylation,…) and of the different signaling pathways operative in human cells.
Identical courses
H03I4C: Fysiologie van de menselijke systemen
H03I4D: Human System Physiology
Is included in these courses of study
- Voorbereidingsprogramma: Master in de ingenieurswetenschappen: biomedische technologie (Leuven) 77 ects.
- Master in de medische stralingsfysica (programma voor studenten gestart vóór 2024-2025) (Leuven) 60 ects.
- Master in de bio-ingenieurswetenschappen: biosysteemtechniek (Leuven) (Gerichte minor Applications for Human Health Engineering) 120 ects.
- Master in de bio-ingenieurswetenschappen: biosysteemtechniek (Leuven) (Major Human Health Engineering) 120 ects.
- Master in de bio-ingenieurswetenschappen: landbouwkunde (Leuven) (Gerichte minor Applications for Human Health Engineering) 120 ects.
- Postgraduate Studies in Advanced Medical Imaging (Leuven) 57 ects.
- Postgraduate Programme in Biomedical Engineering (Leuven) 40 ects.
- Master in de bio-ingenieurswetenschappen: milieutechnologie (Leuven) (Gerichte minor Applications for Human Health Engineering) 120 ects.
- Master of Biomedical Engineering (Programme for students started before 2021-2022) (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master in de nanowetenschappen, nanotechnologie en nano-engineering (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master of Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Nanoengineering (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Courses for Exchange Students Faculty of Engineering Science (Leuven)
- Master in de bio-ingenieurswetenschappen: landbeheer (Leuven) (Gerichte minor Applications for Human Health Engineering) 120 ects.
- Master of Bioscience Engineering: Human Health Engineering (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master of Bioscience Engineering: Human Health Engineering (Leuven) (Thematic Minor: Applications for Human Health Engineering) 120 ects.
- Master in de bio-ingenieurswetenschappen: levensmiddelenwetenschappen en voeding (Leuven) (Gerichte minor Applications for Human Health Engineering) 120 ects.
- Master in de fysica (Leuven) (Optie fysica in de maatschappij) 120 ects.
- Master of Physics (Leuven) (Option: Physics for Society) 120 ects.
- Erasmus Mundus Master of Science in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (Leuven et al) 120 ects.
- Master in de bio-ingenieurswetenschappen: katalytische technologie (Leuven) (Gerichte minor Applications for Human Health Engineering) 120 ects.
- Master of Bioscience Engineering: Agro- and Ecosystems Engineering (Leuven) (Gerichte minor Applications for Human Health Engineering) 120 ects.
- Master of Bioscience Engineering: Cellular and Genetic Engineering (Leuven) (Thematic minor: Applications for Human Health Engineering) 120 ects.
- Bachelor in de ingenieurswetenschappen (programma voor studenten gestart vóór 2024-2025) (Leuven) (Hoofdrichting biomedische technologie) 180 ects.
- Bachelor in de ingenieurswetenschappen (programma voor studenten gestart vóór 2024-2025) (Leuven) (Nevenrichting biomedische technologie) 180 ects.
- Master of Medical Physics (Leuven et al) 120 ects.
Onderwijsleeractiviteiten
Physiology of the Heart (B-KUL-H00T8a)
Content
To introduce students to heart activity and how it can be influenced by physiological signaling molecules and pharmacological tools:
– Myogenic heart activity
– Ions important for contraction of the heart
– Chronotropic and inotropic effect
– Effects of neurotransmitters (adrenaline and acetylcholine)
– Effect of propanolol, verapamil and G-stropanthin on heart contraction.
Course material
Manual available on Toledo + computer programme.
Format: more information
Using a computer/simulation-based approach, students will be able to monitor, analyze and discuss the properties of the heart and its regulation by physiological signaling molecules and by pharmacological agents. The insights and knowledge obtained from the lectures will be applied by the students.
Human System Physiology (B-KUL-H03I4a)
Content
In the first part of the course, an overview of the most important concepts of general cellular physiology is given: membrane potential, receptors, hormones, etc. These concepts will then be used in discussion of neurophysiology and the endocrine system. These will be discussed thoroughly: chemical and electrical signal transmission in the nervous system and the relation with receptor cells for light (visual system), sound (hearing), balance, smell and general sensory observation. Molecular aspects of muscle contraction (smooth and skeletal muscles) and neural control and regulation of muscle contraction will be dealt with in detail. Finally, a reasonable part of the course will be dedicated to the special physiology of the heart, kidneys and the respiratory and digestive system.
Schematically, the course is subdivided into the following subjects:
Cellular physiology;
Cellular communication (electrical and chemical);
Introduction into neurophysiology;
Signal transmission in the nervous system;
Physiology of smooth and skeletal muscles;
Observation of light, sound, smell and balance;
Motoric system;
Endocrine functions;
Cardiovascular system: the heart and blood circulation
Kidney function;
Course material
Study cost: 51-75 euros (The information about the study costs as stated here gives an indication and only represents the costs for purchasing new materials. There might be some electronic or second-hand copies available as well. You can use LIMO to check whether the textbook is available in the library. Any potential printing costs and optional course material are not included in this price.)
Lecture notes on Human Physiology;
Edited by: Ole H Petersen
Published by Blackwell Science Ltd;
Reference: ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-3651-8 ISBN-10: 1-4051-3651-0
Evaluatieactiviteiten
Evaluation: Human System Physiology (B-KUL-H23I4b)
Explanation
The exam consists of open questions of which a number of larger questions and a number of shorter focussed questions. The questions are of the following types: "explain"/"interpret"/"analyse"/"calculate"/"make an integrated figure/scheme...". The aim of these questions is to assess the understanding of essential key concepts and principles in human physiology. The exam gauges to the knowledge obtained during the lectures and the practical courses.
ECTS Univariate Data and Modelling (B-KUL-I0U35A)
Aims
Present some basic concepts of statistics and concentrate on linear models
At the end of this course, the student should be able to:
- Gain insight into basic statistical concepts (distributions, hypothesis testing, …)
- Dispose of and appropriately use a range of statistical modelling techniques (linear regression, logistic regression, analysis of variance, general linear models)
- Correctly interpret the result of a statistical analysis
- Use R for the computational aspects of the methods
Previous knowledge
Students should have a good knowledge of basic calculus and linear algebra.
Is included in these courses of study
- Master of Geography (Programme for students started before 2021-2022) (Leuven et al) (CITY, SOCIETY AND SPACE) 120 ects.
- Master of Geography (Programme for students started before 2021-2022) (Leuven et al) (EARTH AND CLIMATE) 120 ects.
- Master of Geography (Programme for students started before 2021-2022) (Leuven et al) (GIS AND SPATIAL MODELLING) 120 ects.
- Master of Bioinformatics (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Postgraduate Studies in Advanced Medical Imaging (Leuven) 57 ects.
- Courses for Exchange Students Faculty of Bioscience Engineering (Leuven)
- Master of Bioscience Engineering: Human Health Engineering (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master of Biology (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (Leuven) (Specialisation: Children) 120 ects.
- Master of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (Leuven) (Specialisation: Internal Disorders) 120 ects.
- Master of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (Leuven) (Specialisation: Mental Health Care) 120 ects.
- Master of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (Leuven) (Specialisation: Musculoskeletal Disorders: Option Manual Therapy) 120 ects.
- Master of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy (Leuven) (Specialisation: Neurological Disorders) 120 ects.
- Master of Bioscience Engineering: Agro- and Ecosystems Engineering (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master of Bioscience Engineering: Cellular and Genetic Engineering (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master of Geography (Programme for students started in 2021-2022 or later) (Leuven et al) 120 ects.
Onderwijsleeractiviteiten
Univariate Data and Modelling (B-KUL-I0S08a)
Content
Chapter 1: Descriptive statistics
Chapter 2: Important distributions
- Discrete distributions
- Continuous distributions
Chapter 3: Confidence Interval
Chapter 4: Hypothesis testing
- Concepts
- Z test
- One sample t test
- Two sample t test with equal/unequal variances
- F test for equal variances
- Binomial test
- Chi-squared test
- Normality test
- Wilcoxon test
- Power analysis
Chapter 5: Linear regression
- Correlation coefficient
- Simple linear regression (least squares method, statistical inference, diagnostics, influential observations)
- Multiple regression (regression model, diagnostics, influential observations)
- Polynomial regression
- Interaction
- Qualitative predictor variables
Chapter 6: Analysis of Variance
- One-way Anova (F test, assumptions)
- Multiple testing (Bonferroni, Tukey)
- Two-way Anova
Chapter 7: General linear model
Chapter 8: Introduction to logistic regression
- Simple logistic regression
- Multiple logistic regression
- ROC curve
Chapter 9: Introduction to Poisson regression
Chapter 10 : Introduction to Generalised linear model
Course material
Course notes, web lectures and R scripts are available on Toledo;
Format: more information
There are web lectures available. Q&A sessions will be organised.
Is also included in other courses
Exercises in Univariate Data and Modelling (B-KUL-I0S11a)
Content
Exercises with R software are completed on the topics dealt with in Univariate Data and Modelling, part I.
Course material
R scripts, data sets and exercise material are available on Toledo.
Format: more information
Exercises are done in a pc class with the R software.
Is also included in other courses
Evaluatieactiviteiten
Evaluation: Univariate Data and Modelling (B-KUL-I2U35a)
Explanation
Written open book exam. The exam takes place in a pc class where the students can use R.
ECTS Human Brain Imaging: Methods for Research (B-KUL-P0T59A)
Aims
After completion of this OPO:
- the student acquires basic knowledge and thorough insight into brain imaging methods and their application to investigate the human brain.
- the student is able to sufficiently consider and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the different brain imaging methods in order to choose for a certain method and to interpret and evaluate the results from these methods.
- the student can discuss at a basic level about key notions, theories, research methods and research findings regarding brain imaging methods.
- the student can place this knowledge in the perspective of other brain research methods.
- the student can understand the potential role of brain imaging and its pitfalls in the context of neighboring disciplines, including domains of psychology and behavioral sciences.
- the student can use his/her basic knowledge of and basic insight in human brain imaging to understand the methods and interpret the results of the average brain imaging publication in the literature.
Previous knowledge
- Basic knowledge of methodology (e.g., how to set up an experiment; what are independent, dependent, and confounding variables; …)
- Basic knowledge of statistics (e.g., regression analysis)
- Basic knowledge of neuroscience (having followed an introductory course in this domain)
Identical courses
P0W52A: Human Brain Imaging: Methods for Neuropsychology
Is included in these courses of study
- Postgraduate Studies in Advanced Medical Imaging (Leuven) 57 ects.
- Master of Psychology: Theory and Research (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master in de logopedische en audiologische wetenschappen (Leuven) 120 ects.
- Master in de psychologie (Leuven) (Afstudeerrichting theorie en onderzoek) 120 ects.
- Master in de psychologie: afstudeerrichting Theorie en onderzoek (Leuven) (Afstudeerrichting theorie en onderzoek) 60 ects.
- Master in de psychologie (nieuw programma vanaf 2025-2026) (Leuven) (Afstudeerrichting theorie en onderzoek) 120 ects.
Onderwijsleeractiviteiten
Human Brain Imaging: Practical Excercises (B-KUL-P0T60a)
Content
This OLA provides a very basic practical introduction into human brain imaging, involving the following components:
- The opportunity to see some of the imaging equipment alive (site visit).
- A few practical hands-on demonstration sessions of analysis software (fMRI and EEG), including the analysis of an example dataset.
Course material
Practical guide of the analysis software, available through Toledo.
Language of instruction: more information
English is the standard language in the field of Human Brain Imaging. The English terminology is most commonly used, also in a national Belgian/Flemish context. All software packages are also implemented in English.
Format: more information
Site visit and practical exercises.
Human Brain Imaging: Principles and Methodology (B-KUL-P0W53a)
Content
The course consists of an introduction to the different brain imaging techniques, their physical and physiological basis, their practical implementation in a research context as well as in the clinical practice, their respective benefits/drawbacks, and the conclusions they allow.
In particular, the course will focus upon:
- A comparison of different brain research methods and the position of imaging techniques with respect to other techniques.
- (Functional) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): physical and physiological underpinnings, experimental design, data acquisition, data analysis (including the basics of functional connectivity, and brain decoding methods).
- Electroencephalography (EEG): physical and electrophysiological principles, data acquisition and analysis (event-related and frequency-based analyses).
- Brief introduction of other related methods when broadly relevant for research & clinical practice, and of multi-modal imaging.
In addition, the course will include a focused discussion of some specific applications of human brain imaging in fundamental and clinical research. Themes are subject to change on a yearly basis but could include a discussion of the use of brain imaging in specific clinical populations (e.g., autism, dementia), and a lecture from an invited international scientist.
Course material
The lectures will follow the structure of this book:
Op de Beeck, H., & Nakatani, C. (2019). Introduction to Human Neuroimaging. Cambridge University Press.
Language of instruction: more information
English is the standard language in the field of Human Brain Imaging. The English terminology is most commonly used, also in a national Belgian/Flemish context.
Format: more information
Ex cathedra.
Is also included in other courses
Human Brain Imaging: Critical Analysis of Literature (B-KUL-P0W95a)
Content
Students select a brain imaging publication from a provided list and write a critical evaluation of this publication with emphasis upon methodology and experimental design, and their consequences for potential conclusions.
Course material
Students are supposed to apply their knowledge of the domain as they obtained it through the lectures and accompanying book:
Op de Beeck, H., & Nakatani, C. (2019). Introduction to Human Neuroimaging. Cambridge University Press.
Language of instruction: more information
English is the standard language in the field of Human Brain Imaging. The English terminology is most commonly used, also in a national Belgian/Flemish context.
Evaluatieactiviteiten
Evaluation: Human Brain Imaging: Methods for Research (B-KUL-P2T59a)
Explanation
The largest part of the evaluation (14/20 points) is based upon a closed-book written exam.
Part of the evaluation (2 points) is based upon the participation for the practical sessions (two points distributed equally across the sessions, 100% participation required for all 2 points; no participation is NA, thus 0/2).
The remaining 4 points are obtained based upon a paper. The deadline for paper submission will be provided through the seminars and Toledo. Missing the deadline gives zero points (NA and 0/4).
Information about retaking exams
Paper: There is no second examination attempt (resit) for this part of the evaluation, the result is transferred to the third exam period.
Participation in practical sessions: There is no second examination attempt (resit) for this part of the evaluation, the result is transferred to the third exam period.